Gentoo install net.eth0

Below you can see net. I'm sure we are missing something obvious, but I have to leave the facility soon and would like this resolved before then, so any thoughts? Thanks for any help you can provide. Set to "NO" to disable this feature. For example, if net. By default we do not allow hotplugging. A hotplugged service is one started by a dynamic dev manager when a matching hardware device is found.

This service is intrinsically included in the boot runlevel. To disable services, prefix with a! To allow other variables through, add them here. However, some do not - a classic example is that they fork and return 0 AND then child barfs on a configuration error. Or the daemon has a bug and the child crashes. You can set the number of milliseconds start-stop-daemon waits to check that the daemon is still running after starting here.

Each command in the instruction list is performed sequentially. The interface is deemed OK if at least one command works. If a command fails, specify a fallback value. The fallback has to match the config structure exactly. All network interfaces in Gentoo's init system provide what is called "net". In other words, if a system has a net. But what about net. That alone, however, is not sufficient. Gentoo's networking init scripts use a virtual dependency called "net" to inform the system when networking is available.

Clearly, in the above case, networking should only be marked as available when net. For a more detailed discussion about dependency, consult the section on writing initscripts in the Gentoo Handbook.

Variable names are dynamic. However, there is no hard and fast rule that states interface names must be ethx. In fact, many wireless interfaces have names like wlanx, rax as well as ethx.

Also, some user defined interfaces such as bridges can be given any name. To make life more interesting, wireless Access Points can have names with non alpha-numeric characters in them - this is important because users can configure networking parameters per ESSID.

The downside of all this is that Gentoo uses bash variables for networking - and bash cannot use anything outside of English alpha-numerics. Another downside of bash is the content of variables - some characters need to be escaped. Network interface names are not chosen arbitrarily: the Linux kernel and the device manager most systems have udev as their device manager although others are available as well choose the interface name through a fixed set of rules.

When an interface card is detected on a system, the Linux kernel gathers the necessary data about this card. This includes:. Based on this information, the device manager decides how to name the interface on the system. Given an active interface name, the values of the provided variables can be shown using udevadm :. If none of the variables contain values, then the system reverts back to the kernel-provided naming eth0, eth1, etc.

Before this change, network interface cards were named by the Linux kernel itself, depending on the order that drivers are loaded amongst other, possibly more obscure reasons. This behavior can still be enabled by setting the net. The entire idea behind the change in naming is not to confuse people, but to make changing the names easier.

Suppose a system has two interfaces that are otherwise called eth0 and eth1. One is meant to access the network through a wire, the other one is for wireless access. Find out what the parameters are for the cards and then use this information to set up a custom own naming rule:. Because the rules are triggered before the default one rules are triggered in alphanumerical order, so 70 comes before 80 the names provided in the rule file will be used instead of the default ones.

The number granted to the file should be between 76 and 79 the environment variables are defined by a rule start starts with 75 and the fallback naming is done in a rule numbered Netifrc scripts now support modular networking scripts, which means support for new interface types and configuration modules can easily be added while keeping compatibility with existing ones.

Modules load by default if the package they need is installed. If users specify a module here that doesn't have its package installed then they get an error stating which package they need to install.

Ideally, the modules setting is only used when two or more packages are installed that supply the same service and one needs to be preferred over the other. Distribution Kernels are ebuilds that cover the complete process of unpacking, configuring, compiling, and installing the kernel. The primary advantage of this method is that the kernels are upgraded to new versions as part of world upgrade without a need for manual action. There are other methods available to customize the kernel config such as config snippets.

Before using the distribution kernels, please verify that the correct installkernel package for the system is installed. When using systemd-boot formerly gummiboot , install:. If in doubt:. System administrators who want to avoid compiling the kernel sources locally can instead use precompiled kernel images:. Once the kernel is installed, the package manager will automatically upgrade it to newer versions.

The previous versions will be kept until the package manager is requested to clean up stale packages. Please remember to periodically run:. Distribution kernels are now capable of rebuilding kernel modules installed by other packages. To view all available modules, run the following find command. For instance, to automatically load the 3c59x. The actual file name is insignificant to the loader. Continue the installation with Configuring the system. This file contains the mount points of those partitions where they are seen in the file system structure , how they should be mounted and with what special options automatically or not, whether users can mount them or not, etc.

Every line consists of six fields, separated by whitespace space s , tabs or a mixture. Each field has its own meaning:. Partition labels and partition UUIDs can be used to identify the block device's individual partition s , regardless of what filesystem has been chosen for the partition itself. While not always true for partition labels, using a UUID to identify a partition in fstab provides a guarantee that the bootloader will not be confused when looking for a certain volume, even if the filesystem would be changed in the future.

The naming for block device files depends on a number of factors, including how and in what order the disks are attached to the system. They also could show up in a different order depending on which of the devices are detected by the kernel first during the early boot process. With this being stated, unless one intends to constantly fiddle with the disk ordering, using default block device files is a simple and straightforward approach. This is just an example, and should be modified according to the partitioning decisions made earlier in the installation.

It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down:. Those people should substitute defaults with noauto. This does mean that those users will need to manually mount this partition every time they want to use it. Add the rules that match the previously decided partitioning scheme and append rules for devices such as CD-ROM drive s , and of course, if other partitions or drives are used, for those too.

When auto is used in the third field, it makes the mount command guess what the filesystem would be. This is recommended for removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems. The user option in the fourth field makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD.

To improve performance, most users would want to add the noatime mount option, which results in a faster system since access times aren't registered those are not needed generally anyway. This is also recommended for solid state drive SSD users, who should also enable the discard mount option ext4 and btrfs only for now which makes the TRIM command work. This seems to be quite easy, but lots of users are having difficulties finding the appropriate name for their Linux PC.

To speed things up, know that the decision is not final - it can be changed afterwards. In the examples below, the hostname tux is used within the domain homenetwork. To set the system hostname on systemd, run hostnamectl. An alternative to using neticrc is dhcpcd. See Dhcpcd for more details.

There are many options available for configuring network interfaces. This section covers a only a few methods. Choose the one which seems best suited to the setup needed. During the Gentoo Linux installation, networking was already configured. However, that was for the installation CD itself and not for the installed environment.

Right now, the network configuration is made for the installed Gentoo Linux system. It uses a straightforward yet perhaps not intuitive syntax. But don't fear, everything is explained below. DHCP is used by default. This is described later in Installing Necessary System Tools. If the system has several network interfaces, then the appropriate net.

If after booting the system we find out that the assumption about the network interface name which is currently documented as eth0 was wrong, then execute the following steps to rectify this:.

Next inform Linux about the network environment. Set the root password using the passwd command. The root Linux account is an all-powerful account, so pick a strong password. Later an additional regular user account will be created for daily operations.

Review the settings and change where needed. Edit it to configure and select the right keyboard. Take special care with the keymap variable. If the wrong keymap is selected, then weird results will come up when typing on the keyboard.

Edit it according to personal preference. Otherwise the system might show clock skew behavior. It's recommended to run systemd-firstboot --prompt --setup-machine-id to ensure the system is setup correctly, but the necessary steps can be run individually too. Some tools are missing from the stage3 archive because several packages provide the same functionality.

It is now up to the user to choose which ones to install. The first tool to decide on has to provide logging facilities for the system. Unix and Linux have an excellent history of logging capabilities - if needed, everything that happens on the system can be logged in log files. This happens through the system logger. Others are available through Portage as well - the number of available packages increases on a daily basis.

To install the system logger of choice, emerge it. On OpenRC, add it to the default runlevel using rc-update. Next is the cron daemon. Although it is optional and not required for every system, it is wise to install one. A cron daemon executes scheduled commands. It is very handy if some command needs to be executed regularly for instance daily, weekly or monthly.

Installing one of them is similar to installing a system logger. To be able to access the system remotely after installation, sshd must be configured to start on boot. To add the sshd init script to the default runlevel on OpenRC:. If serial console access is needed which is possible in case of remote servers , agetty must be configured.

Depending on the filesystems used, it is necessary to install the required file system utilities for checking the filesystem integrity, creating additional file systems etc. If networking was previously configured in the Configuring the system step and network setup is complete, then this 'networking tools' section can be safely skipped.

In this case, proceed with the section on Configuring a bootloader. In order for the system to automatically obtain an IP address for one or more network interface s using netifrc scripts, it is necessary to install a DHCP client.

More information on dhcpcd can be found in the dhcpcd article. Now continue with Configuring the bootloader. With the Linux kernel configured, system tools installed and configuration files edited, it is time to install the last important piece of a Linux installation: the boot loader.

The boot loader is responsible for firing up the Linux kernel upon boot - without it, the system would not know how to proceed when the power button has been pressed.

In this section of the Handbook a delineation has been made between emerging the boot loader's package and installing a boot loader to a system disk. Here the term emerge will be used to ask Portage to make the software package available to the system. The term install will signify the boot loader copying files or physically modifying appropriate sections of the system's disk drive in order to render the boot loader activated and ready to operate on the next power cycle.

With a small amount of configuration, necessary before build time, GRUB2 can support more than a half a dozen additional platforms. The GRUB installer can perform this operation automatically with the --removable option. Verify the ESP is mounted before running the following commands.

This creates the default directory defined by the UEFI specification, and then copies the grubx To generate the final GRUB2 configuration, run the grub-mkconfig command:. The output of the command must mention that at least one Linux image is found, as those are needed to boot the system. If an initramfs is used or genkernel was used to build the kernel, the correct initrd image should be detected as well. If the files are indeed missing, go back to the kernel configuration and installation instructions.

However, it lacks features when compared to GRUB. Of course, it is also used because some people know LILO and want to stick with it. Either way, Gentoo supports both bootloaders. In the configuration file, sections are used to refer to the bootable kernel.

Make sure that the kernel files with kernel version and initramfs files are known, as they need to be referred to in this configuration file. If an initramfs is necessary, then change the configuration by referring to this initramfs file and telling the initramfs where the root device is located:. If additional options need to be passed to the kernel, use an append statement. For instance, to add the video statement to enable framebuffer:. Users that used genkernel should know that their kernels use the same boot options as is used for the installation CD.

For instance, if SCSI device support needs to be enabled, add doscsi as kernel option. Such systems do not need to have additional also known as secondary bootloaders like GRUB2 in order to help boot the system.

Using efibootmgr is really for those who desire to take a minimalist although more rigid approach to booting their system; using GRUB2 see above is easier for the majority of users because it offers a flexible approach when booting UEFI systems.

Be sure to read through the EFI stub kernel article before continuing. The kernel must have specific options enabled to be directly bootable by the system's UEFI firmware.

It might be necessary to recompile the kernel. It is also a good idea to take a look at the efibootmgr article. With these changes done, when the system reboots, a boot entry called "Gentoo" will be available. Syslinux is yet another bootloader alternative for the amd64 architecture. It supports MBR and, as of version 6. PXE network boot and lesser-known options are also supported. Although Syslinux is a popular bootloader for many it is unsupported by the Handbook.

Readers can find information on emerging and then installing this bootloader in the Syslinux article. Exit the chrooted environment and unmount all mounted partitions. Then type in that one magical command that initiates the final, true test: reboot.

Do not forget to remove the bootable CD, otherwise the CD might be booted again instead of the new Gentoo system. Once rebooted in the freshly installed Gentoo environment, finish up with Finalizing the Gentoo installation. Therefore it is strongly recommended to add a user for day-to-day use. The groups the user is member of define what activities the user can perform.

The following table lists a number of important groups:. For instance, to create a user called larry who is member of the wheel , users , and audio groups, log in as root first only root can create users and run useradd :. If a user ever needs to perform some task as root, they can use su - to temporarily receive root privileges.

With the Gentoo installation finished and the system rebooted, if everything has gone well, we can now remove the downloaded stage3 tarball from the hard disk.

Not sure where to go from here? There are many paths to explore Gentoo provides its users with lots of possibilities and therefore has lots of documented and less documented features to explore here on the wiki and on other Gentoo related sub-domains see the Gentoo online section below. It is important to note that, due to the number of choices available in Gentoo, the documentation provided by the handbook is limited in scope - it mainly focuses on the basics of getting a Gentoo system up and running and basic system management activities.

The handbook intentionally excludes instructions on graphical environments, details on hardening, and other important administrative tasks. That being stated, there are more sections of the handbook to assist readers with more basic functions. Readers should definitely take a look at the next part of the handbook entitled Working with Gentoo which explains how to keep the software up to date, install additional software packages, details on USE flags, the OpenRC init system, and various other informative topics relating to managing a Gentoo system post-installation.

Apart from the handbook, readers should also feel encouraged to explore other corners of the Gentoo wiki to find additional, community-provided documentation. The Gentoo wiki team also offers a documentation topic overview which lists a selection of wiki articles by category.

For instance, it refers to the localization guide to make a system feel more at home particularly useful for users who speak English as a second language. The majority of users with desktop use cases will setup graphical environments in which to work natively.

There are many community maintained 'meta' articles for supported desktop environments DEs and window managers WMs. Readers should be aware that each DE will require slightly different setup steps, which will lengthen add complexity to bootstrapping. Many other Meta articles exist to provide our readers with high level overviews of available software within Gentoo.

With the exception of the Libera. Chat hosted internet relay chat IRC network and the mailing lists, most Gentoo websites require an account on a per site basis in order to ask questions, open a discussion, or enter a bug.

Every user is welcome on our Gentoo forums or on one of our internet relay chat channels. It is easy to search for the forums to see if an issue experienced on a fresh Gentoo install has been discovered in the past and resolved after some feedback. The likelihood of other users experiencing the installation issues by first-time Gentoo can be surprising.

It is advised users search the forums and the wiki before asking for assistance in Gentoo support channels. Several mailing lists are available to the community members who prefer to ask for support or feedback over email rather than create a user account on the forums or IRC. Users will need to follow the instructions in order to subscribe to specific mailing lists. Sometimes after reviewing the wiki, searching the forums, and seeking support in the IRC channel or mailing lists there is no known solution to a problem.

Generally this is a sign to open a bug on Gentoo's Bugzilla site. Readers who desire to learn more about developing Gentoo can take a look at the Development guide. This guide provides instructions on writing ebuilds, working with eclasses, and provides definitions for many general concepts behind Gentoo development.

Gentoo is a robust, flexible, and excellently maintained distribution. The developer community is happy to hear feedback on how to make Gentoo an even better distribution.

As a reminder, any feedback for this handbook should follow the guidelines detailed in the How do I improve the Handbook? We look forward to seeing how our users will choose to implement Gentoo to fit their unique use cases and needs. Note For help on the other installation approaches, including using non-Gentoo bootable media, please read our Alternative installation guide. Note Some target architectures such as arm , mips , and s will not have minimal install CDs.

At this time the Gentoo Release Engineering project does not support building. Note This is an optional step and not necessary to install Gentoo Linux. However, it is recommended as it ensures that the downloaded file is not corrupt and has indeed been provided by the Gentoo Infrastructure team. Important This does not verify that the. That also implies that the checksum should be verified against the values in the.

Note In all likelihood, the default gentoo kernel, as mentioned above, without specifying any of the optional parameters will work just fine.

For boot troubleshooting and expert options, continue on with this section. Otherwise, just press Enter and skip ahead to Extra hardware configuration. They can be switched by pressing Alt then a function key between F1 - F7. It can be useful to switch to a new terminal when waiting for job to complete, to open documentation, etc. Note If users log on to the system, they will see a message that the host key for this system needs to be confirmed through what is called a fingerprint.

This behavior is typical and can be expected for initial connections to an SSH server. However, later when the system is set up and someone logs on to the newly created system, the SSH client will warn that the host key has been changed. This is because the user now logs on to - for SSH - a different server namely the freshly installed Gentoo system rather than the live environment that the installation is currently using. Follow the instructions given on the screen then to replace the host key on the client system.

Tip If no interfaces are displayed when the standard ifconfig command is used, try using the same command with the -a option. This option forces the utility to show all network interfaces detected by the system whether they be in an up or down state. If ifconfig -a produces no results then the hardware is faulty or the driver for the interface has not been loaded into the kernel.

Both situations reach beyond the scope of this Handbook. Contact gentoo webchat for support. Note Support for the iw command might be architecture-specific. Note Some wireless cards may have a device name of wlan0 or ra0 instead of wlp9s0. Run ip link to determine the correct device name. For more information on configuring wireless networking in Gentoo Linux, please read the Wireless networking chapter in the Gentoo Handbook. Note If the IP address, broadcast address, netmask and nameservers are known, then skip this subsection and continue with Using ifconfig and route.

In this section, the focus is on IPv4 addresses. CODE Broadcast address. Important Although still supported by most motherboard manufacturers, MBR boot sectors and their associated partitioning limitations are considered legacy. Readers who must proceed with setup type should knowingly acknowledge the following information: Most post motherboards consider using MBR boot sectors a legacy supported, but not ideal boot mode.

Due to using bit identifiers, partition tables in the MBR cannot address storage space that is larger than 2 TiBs in size. Unless a extended partition is created, MBR supports a maximum of four partitions. This setup does not provide a backup boot sector, so if something overwrites the partition table, all partition information will be lost.

Command m for help : p. Command m for help : g. Command m for help : d. Command m for help : n. Command m for help : t. Command m for help : w. Command m for help : o. Back to top. Posted: Thu Mar 21, am Post subject:. So that we may know what hardware you are dealing with; boot the minimal install cd or a system rescue cd to a network connection, run: Code:. Posted: Thu Mar 21, pm Post subject:. What are they and what do they contain? Output of dmesg after booting?

Output of lsmod? How about used kernel config? Those come into mind straight off. Most likely one of these outputs will hint to the correct direction. I am using the bnx2 driver, I had to find the correct driver and load during the inital installation. I installed stage3-amd