Opk common domain during the olympic games

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The trust relationship between this workstation and the primary domain failed. Need more help? Expand your skills. Get new features first. Was this information helpful? Yes No. Thank you! Any more feedback? The more you tell us the more we can help. Can you help us improve? Another important aspect is the influence of physical training on the psychological state.

All the shooters in our study agreed that psychological state and mental wellness could be modified by physical activity. This influence depended on each individual according to their experiences. The three main aspects referred by the shooters were self-confidence, feeling wellness and feeling better in general and with yourself. Similarly, Kilty [ 12 ], stated that FT could improve the sel-image of the shooter. In the same line, Feltz [ 29 ] indicated that the effect of some mental states e.

Furthermore, these mental states of wellness [ 30 ] and mood [ 31 ] are modifiable by physical trainings.

Although our participants are very high-level athletes, some limitations should be mentioned about our study. Even though the interviews were sufficiently extensive, more questions could have been asked in some categories. Moreover, it is difficult to make assumptions on what type of training shooters should complete, as we only interviewed eight elite shooters and maybe we did not have enough details about the activity they completed.

Furthermore, only precision shooters were analyzed in this study. Hence, it would be interesting to study other shooting modalities in the future. In general, shooters agree that fitness training is an important factor related to shooting performance and mental state. Normally, shooters have aerobic and strength work-oriented fitness trainings, mainly for arms and abdominal muscles, but not general balance trainings.

However, athletes do not usually perform a physical condition test, nor do they use recovery techniques in a planned way. Moreover, not all the shooters hired support services and there is no consensus about the professional in charge of physical trainings.

Thus, to improve elite shooter performance, federations and shooting responsible nations or clubs should consider greater control over fitness trainings and recovery process in Olympic shooting. We would like to thank the athletes for their involvement and selfless participation in this study, professors from the UPM and specially Valter Pinheiro from the ISCE who helped in the design of the methodology. Conceptualization, D. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.

Published online Nov Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Oct 17; Accepted Nov This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Associated Data Supplementary Materials ijerphs Abstract Background: Many aspects affect precision sports like shooting. Keywords: pistol, qualitative, elite, sport management, fitness coach, shooting, recovery, testing, motor abilities, psychological state.

Introduction Olympic shooting demands a high level of precision, constancy and stability from the shooter [ 1 ]. Materials and Methods 2. Participants Eight Olympic shooters 4 men, 4 women from four different nationalities Spain 3, Portugal 2, Brazil 2 and Mexico 1 were recruited for the present study. Table 1 Participants profiles, number of participations in first level international competitions, times finalist and medals.

Open in a separate window. Script of the Interview The interviews were standardized by using a semi—structured script in order to minimize possible bias. Table 2 Semi-structured interview script. Greetings and thanks… Specific questions of the interview in the psychological section What is your opinion about the fitness training in Olympic shooting?

Do you think that the fitness training can affect the performance? End of the interview There is some question that was not asked, and you wish it had been made? Interviewer and Interview Procedure A total of 8 semi-structured interviews were conducted by two researchers, who were also Olympic shooting specialists with international experience as coaches, which allowed us to use more specific terminology associated with shooting and generate a relaxed atmosphere with the interviewees.

Categories Initial categories were thought to be related to the script interview. Data Analysis This study used qualitative methods that involved an explorative approach to inquiry Fletcher and Arnold, Results The results of the present study were divided into seven different categories related with shooting fitness training.

Fitness Training Importance on Performance All the athletes referred to the benefits of participating in a fitness program. I strongly recommend that all people do some physical preparation … Athlete 1.

Table 3 Concepts and words most repeated by the athletes interviewed in the fitness area. Fitness Professional Support Both the fitness trainer and the physiotherapist were mentioned equally by the shooters when referring to fitness trainings competences see Table 3.

Athlete 8. Main Motor Abilities Six shooters highlighted endurance cardiovascular workouts and strength as complementary physical capacities in fitness training and necessary to reach high performances see Table 3.

I combine a lot of aerobic training with strength exercises Athlete 4. Recovery Process The recovery methods used were different depending on the athlete interviewed. Athlete 1. Athlete 6. Physical Training Influence On the Psychological State All the athletes agreed that the lack of a physical condition had an influence on the psychological state or mental wellbeing of the shooter, although not all shooters experienced it in the same way.

Athlete 3. Conclusions In general, shooters agree that fitness training is an important factor related to shooting performance and mental state.

Acknowledgments We would like to thank the athletes for their involvement and selfless participation in this study, professors from the UPM and specially Valter Pinheiro from the ISCE who helped in the design of the methodology. Supplementary Materials Click here for additional data file. Author Contributions Conceptualization, D. Funding This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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